★ SYRIA
Druze Militias Execute Bedouins, Trigger Mass Displacement
Druze militias loyal to Sheikh Hikmat al-Hijri launched coordinated attacks against Bedouin communities following the Syrian army withdrawal from Suwayda. Armed factions executed three civilians, killed 18 militants, and burned homes in Maqous, Sahet al-Blata, and Arra neighborhoods. Eyewitnesses reported executions, mutilations, and rape targeting women and children. Civil defense evacuated over 50 families as entire Bedouin villages including Tha’la were emptied. The Syrian government blocked tribal reinforcements fearing escalation. UN Assistant Secretary-General Khiari confirmed mass displacement and condemned militia violence during the emergency Security Council session. He demanded Syrian investigation into atrocities and called for inclusive political transition. Social media footage shows armed Druze threatening to “slaughter Bedouins” while survivors describe ethnic cleansing campaigns. Total security collapse enables continued militia control over affected areas.
Bedouin Fighters Launch New Attack in Suwayda Despite Ceasefire Agreement
Suwayda now faces unchecked militia reprisals with no central security force remaining. Despite a declared ceasefire, Syrian Bedouin fighters launched fresh attacks Thursday on local militias in Suwayda. A Bedouin commander told Reuters the truce applies only to government forces, not tribal fighters seeking to free detained Bedouins. Syrian sources reported Bedioun militias have attacked Suwayda from three different locations.
Ceasefire in Suwayda Grants Druze Security Control Authority
A ceasefire between Druze leaders and the Syrian government was finalized on July 16, ending days of clashes in Suwayda. Sheikh Yusuf Jarbouh confirmed the deal, which halts hostilities, reinstates local policing, regulates arms, and revives state authority through oversight committees and detainee releases. President Ahmad al-Sharaa tasked Druze clerics and factions with security control following military withdrawal, aiming to avoid escalation with Israel. He affirmed the Druze role in Syria’s national identity and warned against foreign provocation.
U.S. Intel Clears Damascus in Suwayda Violence, Urges Israeli De-escalation
U.S. intelligence found no evidence of Syrian government involvement in Suwayda abuses, prompting Washington to urge Israel to halt strikes on Syrian targets and pursue direct talks with Damascus. Concerned these attacks could derail emerging Israel-Syria security talks, the U.S. warned that continued escalation risks regional instability despite Damascus agreeing to investigate violations and withdraw forces under a new ceasefire.
US Opposed Israeli Syria Strikes, Warned Regional Escalation
US Ambassador Dorothy Shea told the Security Council that Washington did not support Israeli airstrikes on Syrian targets and urged immediate de-escalation. The statement marked a shift from traditional US backing of Israeli military actions, reflecting concern that strikes could undermine US-Syria diplomatic progress following the Trump-Sharaa summit.
Al-Hijri Declares Suwayda Disaster Zone, Urges Border Access
Druze leader Hikmat al-Hijri declared Suwayda a disaster zone after Israeli strikes on Suwayda, Daraa, and Damascus, urging King Abdullah to open Jordan’s border and calling for humanitarian corridors to Kurdish controlled areas, in Syria’s northeast.
Israel Sets Syrian Disarmament Deadline for Southern Provinces
Israel reinforced border troops and demanded complete disarmament of southern Syria including Daraa within several weeks. Netanyahu established red lines requiring Syrian forces withdrawal from three southern provinces and protection of Druze populations. Israel will use force if these conditions are violated. Netanyahu claimed Israeli military pressure forced Syrian army withdrawal to Damascus and achieved Suwayda ceasefire through force rather than negotiation. He declared Israel would impose security across seven fronts using military means. The ultimatum targets Syrian military capabilities near Israeli borders while securing Druze minority protection. Opposition leader Lapid criticized Damascus strikes as reckless and part of Netanyahu’s efforts to strengthen domestic coalition support during Gaza ceasefire negotiations.
IDF Hit 160 Targets Across Syria, Damages Command HQ
Israeli media reported that Israel launched 160 airstrikes across Syria, firing over 100 missiles at regime targets in Damascus and Suwayda on July 15, 2025. Strikes destroyed Syria’s military headquarters and damaged the presidential palace. Convoys and weapons sites en route to Suwayda were also hit. Despite initial gains by Druze militias, Syrian forces retook 70% of Suwayda by July 16, aided by 1,000 regular troops and 200 regime-backed militiamen accused of committing atrocities. Israel redeployed parts of the 35th Brigade north from Gaza and prepared the 98th Division for further escalation but confirmed it would not send ground forces into Syria. Approximately 1,000 Druze who crossed from Israel remain near Hader, with the IDF blocking their advance south to prevent reinforcement of local militias. While Israel insists it intervened to protect the Druze and enforce a December 2024 buffer zone, Syrian regime forces remain entrenched, and Israel has warned of further strikes if a full withdrawal does not occur.
Sharaa Blames Israel for Chaos, Pledges Accountability in Suwayda
Syrian interim President Ahmad al-Sharaa accused Israel of fueling “chaos and destruction” after IDF strikes on Damascus and Suwayda. He vowed to hold perpetrators of anti-Druze violence accountable and warned Israel against escalating regional tensions. Over 350 were killed in sectarian clashes, leading to a Syrian military withdrawal, Israeli threats of continued strikes, and U.S.-mediated ceasefire efforts.
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★ ISRAEL
Israel Adds $12.5 Billion to Defense Budget for War Readiness
Israel will boost defense spending by NIS 42 billion ($12.5 billion) for 2025–2026 to cover Gaza war costs, counter Iran-backed threats, and replenish weapons. The Defense Ministry will fast-track procurement, expand missile defense production, and upgrade IDF capabilities. Officials say the move ensures superiority amid ongoing multi-front warfare and depleted interceptor stockpiles.
Hague Group Announces Arms Bans and Legal Action Against Israel
Twelve nations from the Hague Group pledged arms bans and legal measures against Israel after a Bogotá summit co-hosted by Colombia and South Africa. The group of 30 states demanded an immediate ceasefire and accountability for alleged war crimes. The U.S. condemned the move as anti-Western legal warfare, vowing to defend Israel and its allies.
Slovenia Bans Israeli Ministers Over Genocidal Palestinian Remarks
Slovenia will declare Israeli ministers Bezalel Smotrich and Itamar Ben-Gvir persona non grata for inciting extreme violence and violating Palestinian human rights, becoming the first EU member to do so. Foreign Minister Tanja Fajon cited their “genocidal statements.” Britain, Canada, Australia, and others previously sanctioned the pair, prompting U.S. concern over limiting dialogue with Israel.
Israel Cedes Morag Axis in Hostage Deal Maps, Says Source
An Israeli official told i24NEWS that Israel, via maps given to mediators, effectively conceded the Morag axis. The key issue now is Israel’s presence in Rafah, not Morag. Mediators are increasingly optimistic, as the new maps significantly improve prospects for a near-term agreement.
Shas Party Withdraws From Israeli Government, Urges Hostage Deal
Israel’s ultra-Orthodox Shas party quit the government but retained Knesset roles, urging Netanyahu to pursue a hostage release deal. The Council of Torah Sages cited humiliation of religious Jews and rejected alliances with opposition parties. The move follows failed talks over controversial draft monitoring laws, after United Torah Judaism also exited the coalition.
Israel Launches PR Campaign to Deter Iranians’ Homegrown Spies
Following dozens of espionage arrests, Israel launched the “Easy Money, Heavy Price” campaign to deter citizens from spying for Iran. Ads warn of life sentences for aiding Iran, which has recruited Israelis to photograph sites, smuggle weapons, and plot assassinations. Over 35 indictments have been filed as authorities uncover a growing domestic spy network.
Iran’s Strike on Haifa Refinery Causes $200 Million in Damages
Iran’s missile attack on Haifa’s refinery caused an estimated $200 million in damage, killing three workers, according to Israeli firm Bazan. The company received $48 million from the government for reconstruction and is seeking further compensation. The strike hit the facility’s main power unit, with Bazan warning that damage estimates may rise as assessments continue.
Israel to Expand Arrow Missile Production After Iran War Success
Following its 86% interception rate during June’s war with Iran, Israel signed a contract to boost production of Arrow anti-ballistic missiles. The Arrow system intercepted hundreds of Iranian missiles, preventing over $15 billion in damage. Arrows 2 and 3 are in use, with Arrow 4 in development. U.S. and Israeli firms will jointly handle mass production.
Israeli Strike Hits Gaza Catholic Church, Injures Several, Including Priest
An Israeli raid damaged Gaza’s Holy Family Catholic Church on Thursday, injuring several, including Parish Priest Father Gabriel Romanelli. The Latin Patriarchate confirmed no deaths, disputing earlier reports of two fatalities. Italy’s Prime Minister condemned the strike, calling Israel’s actions against civilians unacceptable. The IDF said it is investigating the incident.
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★ IRAQ
Baghdad and Erbil Reach Deal to Resume Kurdistan Oil Exports
Iraq and the Kurdistan Region agreed Thursday to resume oil exports halted since March 2023. Under the deal, Erbil will deliver at least 230,000 barrels daily to SOMO, with Baghdad paying $16 per barrel and allocating 50,000 barrels for local use. The accord aims to resolve salary disputes and stabilize energy ties amid recent drone attacks on oil fields.
Fresh Attack Rocks Erbil As Financial Deals With Baghdad Advance
A booby-trapped drone exploded early Thursday in Erbil’s Baharka area, triggering a powerful blast. It remains unclear whether the drone malfunctioned or was downed by U.S. defenses. The incident coincided with newly finalized financial deals between Baghdad and Erbil, including monthly transfers of 120 billion dinars and 230,000 barrels of oil. Kurdish officials suspect Iran-backed militias, though no group has claimed responsibility. Prime Minister Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani ordered an urgent investigation, while local factions denied involvement. The attack underscores ongoing threats to Kurdistan’s security amid fragile economic progress.
Iraq Mall Fire Kills 69, Authorities Investigate Owner
At least 69 people died and 11 remain missing after a massive fire engulfed the Corniche Hypermarket in al-Kut, eastern Iraq. Rescue efforts continue as bodies remain trapped under debris. Authorities launched legal action against the building’s owner, citing poor safety standards. An initial investigation report is expected within 48 hours.
Iraq Launches Ninawa Refinery Project With 70,000-Barrel Capacity
Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani inaugurated construction of the Ninawa oil refinery, set to process 70,000 barrels daily. The project supports Iraq’s goal of expanding domestic refining, reducing $6 trillion in annual fuel imports. The refinery will produce fuel oil, naphtha, white oil, and diesel, and create 1,000 direct jobs, aiding national energy and economic development.
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★ YEMEN
Israel Intercepts Houthi Missile Aimed at Southern Region
Israel intercepted a ballistic missile launched by Yemen’s Iran-backed Houthis targeting southern Israel, with sirens sounding near the Dead Sea, but no casualties reported. Houthi spokesman Yahya Saree claimed strikes on Ben Gurion Airport and Eilat. Since March 18, Houthis have fired 61 missiles and 15 drones at Israel, prompting Israeli retaliatory strikes on Houthi sites in Yemen.
Houthi Naval Siege Forces Shutdown of Israel’s Eilat Port
Israel’s Eilat Port will shut down Sunday after its accounts were seized over $3 million in unpaid taxes, following an 80% revenue drop blamed on the Houthi naval blockade. Cargo once bound for Eilat now redirects to Ashdod and Haifa. The Red Sea disruptions crippled vehicle imports and exports, prompting the municipality to freeze operations due to insolvency.
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★ LEBANON
Hezbollah Condemns Israeli Strike, Urges Syrian Unity Post-Assad
Hezbollah condemned the Israeli strike on Damascus as a “flagrant violation” of sovereignty and an attack on civilians, accusing Israel of fueling regional unrest. The group emphasized Syrian unity post-Assad and warned of Israel’s expansionist aims. It urged Arab-Islamic vigilance, declaring that firm resistance is the only safeguard for regional stability and national dignity.
IDF Kills Two Hezbollah Operatives Violating Lebanon Ceasefire Deal
Israel’s military killed two Hezbollah operatives in Southern Lebanon, including Radwan Force commander Hassan Ahmad Sabra, for violating the November 2024 ceasefire. Strikes also hit training camps in Beqaa Valley. Defense Minister Katz warned of further action, while Lebanon’s president ruled out normalization but called for peace without war. Hezbollah vowed continued resistance despite the truce.
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★ GULF COUNTRIES
Kuwait Deploys Turkish Bayraktar Drones to Boost Military Capabilities
Kuwait officially inducted Turkish-made Bayraktar TB2 armed drones into service Thursday at Salem Al-Sabah Air Base, with Defense Minister Abdullah Al-Sabah attending. The $367 million deal signed in 2023 includes an undisclosed number of drones proven effective in Ukraine, Libya, and Azerbaijan. Kuwait says the drones enhance surveillance, reconnaissance, and aerial support capabilities in line with global military advancements.
Macron, MBS Withdraw from UN Palestinian State Summit under U.S. Pressure
French President Macron and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman pulled out of a UN summit on Palestinian statehood, citing U.S. warnings. Washington opposed unilateral recognition of Palestine and urged allies to avoid punitive measures against Israel. Macron faces internal pressure from France’s growing Muslim population, while Riyadh prioritizes a defense pact with the U.S. as Iranian threats grow.
Washington and Manama Sign Initial Civil Nuclear Agreement
The U.S. and Bahrain signed an initial civil nuclear cooperation deal ahead of a Trump–Salman bin Hamad meeting at the White House. Secretary Rubio emphasized peaceful intentions, indirectly referencing Iran. Bahrain, a close U.S. ally, pledged $17 billion in U.S. investments. The Crown Prince affirmed that Iran must choose negotiations. Bahrain is part of the Abraham Accords.
Türkiye and UAE Sign Seven Strategic Deals to Expand Cooperation
Türkiye and the UAE signed seven agreements in Ankara during a visit by President Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed, deepening cooperation in trade, defense, energy, tourism, and polar research. Presidents Erdoğan and Sheikh Mohammed also discussed Gaza. The leaders aim to double trade to $40 billion, marking strengthened ties after years of diplomatic rapprochement.
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★ IRAN
US Strike Set Back Fordow, but Natanz and Isfahan Remain Viable
US strikes on Iran’s nuclear sites last month severely damaged Fordow, delaying enrichment by two years, but Natanz and Isfahan could resume operations within months. Trump rejected a broader six-site campaign, opting for a limited strike. US-Israel discussions on renewed attacks are ongoing if Iran avoids talks. Intelligence suggests uranium stockpiles may have been relocated pre-strike.
Iran Faces Severe Water Crisis as Rationing and Contamination Spread
Iran is experiencing a worsening water crisis, with rationing programs in place across Tehran and other regions. Citizens report undrinkable, sewage-like water and frequent utility cuts. Authorities blame damaged pipelines from the recent war with Israel, while southern areas face extreme salinity threatening agriculture. Public outrage is mounting as officials deny outages and urge residents to buy water tanks.
Khamenei Threatens Israel, Demands Preconditions for Nuclear Talks
Ayatollah Khamenei reappeared post-conflict, branding Israel a “cancerous tumor” and the U.S. its “dog,” vowing harsher retaliation if attacked again. Iran’s parliament refused to resume nuclear talks without guaranteed outcomes. France, Britain, and Germany warned of restoring sanctions by August if no deal is reached, while China reaffirmed support for Iran’s sovereignty and peaceful nuclear rights.
Iranian Lawmakers Accuse President Pezeshkian of Coup Plot
Over 30 Iranian MPs accused President Pezeshkian of plotting a coup against Supreme Leader Khamenei, deepening post-war divisions. Conservatives claim Pezeshkian seeks normalization with Israel, prompting calls for his removal. Pezeshkian denied exclusionary politics, urging unity. Reformists warned of societal collapse, demanding political openness, prisoner releases, and amnesty to prevent a dangerous internal breakdown.
Iran and China Condemn Israeli Strikes, Call for Syrian Sovereignty
Iran strongly condemned Israel’s attacks on Syrian sites, calling them a grave threat to regional and global peace. Spokesman Esmail Baghaei urged the UN and OIC to take action. China echoed the call, demanding respect for Syria’s sovereignty. Israel said its strikes near Damascus aimed to protect Druze communities as deadly clashes in Suwayda were halted by a ceasefire.
Contaminated Fuel Halts Iranian President’s Convoy, Forces Taxi Ride
Three cars in President Pezeshkian’s convoy broke down after refueling with water-contaminated gasoline in Qazvin. The president continued to Tabriz by taxi. Authorities confirmed the station’s prior violations. The incident renews concerns over widespread fuel fraud in Iran, as experts warn of systemic failures that threaten public safety and erode trust in regulatory oversight.
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★ TÜRKIYE
Türkiye Deepens Military Presence in Libya Through Strategic Training Deals
Türkiye signed a new military cooperation agreement with Libya’s Tripoli-based government, expanding its influence across both western and eastern factions. The deal, signed in Ankara by Defense Ministry officials, follows recent visits by eastern commander Saddam Haftar and military delegations, signaling Türkiye’s pragmatic strategy to secure military and economic footholds and position itself as a trusted mediator in Libya’s conflict.
Erdogan Faces Nationalist Backlash as PKK Peace Process Advances
President Erdogan risks alienating nationalist voters by backing Kurdish peace efforts after 30 PKK militants burned weapons in a symbolic move. While some officials hailed it as a turning point, critics called it a betrayal. Only 12% believe the insurgency is over. Erdogan’s coalition lacks votes for reforms without pro-Kurdish DEM support, making progress politically fragile.
Türkiye Warns SDF Against Exploiting Syria’s Unrest, Slams Israel’s Regional Actions
Turkish FM Hakan Fidan warned SDF’s YPG units against exploiting Suwayda unrest, urging restraint as Syria undergoes a sensitive transition. Speaking in New York, Fidan accused Israel of destabilizing the region and urged international action. He emphasized a new Syrian roadmap backed by Erdoğan, the EU, and the U.S., while rejecting Israeli support for Druze factions.
Imamoğlu Sentenced to Prison, Faces Political Disqualification
Former Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoğlu was sentenced to one year and eight months in prison for insulting and threatening Istanbul’s chief prosecutor, though acquitted of a terrorism-related charge. The ruling, pending appeals, invokes Article 53, which could bar him from public office. His earlier 2022 conviction and annulled university degree also jeopardize his political future.
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★ EGYPT
Egypt Shifts Focus to Africa, Deepens Military Ties Amid Arab Setbacks
Failing to build unified Arab military cooperation, Egypt is intensifying security coordination across Africa, citing threats from extremist groups. At the AU summit, President Sisi highlighted Egypt’s leadership in the North Africa Regional Capability (NARC) and called for sustainable funding. Cairo’s growing defense ties span Somalia to the Sahel, aiming to counter terrorism and safeguard Red Sea stability.
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★ Disclaimer: The Early Phoenix is a digest of various news sources compiled by the Early Phoenix team and edited by Rania Kisar. The items are curated, concise summaries of news items hyperlinked within each story. The items and summaries presented do not necessarily represent the views of the American Center for Levant Studies.
