★ SYRIA
France Issues Second Arrest Warrant for Syria’s Assad
French magistrates have issued a new arrest warrant for ousted Syrian leader Bashar al-Assad, citing alleged war crimes. The warrant, issued Monday, charges Assad as “commander-in-chief of the armed forces” for a 2017 bombing in Deraa that caused a civilian death. This marks France’s second legal action against Assad, according to AFP, as investigations continue into his suspected complicity in war crimes.
Syria Joins Davos Forum to Showcase Vision and Global Engagement
Syria will participate in the Davos Forum for the first time, presenting its developmental vision and aspirations under Foreign Minister Asaad Al-Shaibani. The event, themed “Collaboration in the Age of Intelligence,” gathers global leaders to discuss critical issues. Syria’s new leader, expressed optimism for regional peace, aligning with the forum’s goals. This milestone reflects Syria’s reentry into international dialogue, emphasizing its commitment to collaboration and long-term developmental progress.
Syrian Kurdish Forces Reject Islamist Control of IS Prisons
The Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) firmly oppose transferring Islamic State (IS) detainees to Syria’s new Islamist rulers in Damascus. Responsible for guarding IS prisoners in northern Syria, the U.S.-backed SDF is bracing for further attacks as IS attempts to regroup. Since Bashar al-Assad’s ouster on December 8, IS has already launched two prison break attempts, seeking to free captured fighters during the ongoing instability. The SDF controls a quarter of Syrian territory and remains committed to preventing IS resurgence.
Syria Ends Russian Investment in Tartus Port, Raises Questions on Military Presence
Syria’s new administration canceled Russia’s 49-year Tartus Port investment deal, citing neglected equipment upgrades. All revenues have now been returned to Syria, with plans to rehire 1,000 Syrian workers. The decision follows regime change, sparking uncertainty over Russia’s military bases in Tartus and Hmeimim. Satellite data suggests Russian naval assets are relocating, signaling potential shifts in strategy. Tartus, Russia’s sole Mediterranean naval hub, faces reduced operations during evolving geopolitical dynamics and Syria’s reevaluation of foreign agreements.
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★ ISRAEL
IDF Leaders Resign Over October 7 Attack Failures
IDF Chief Herzi Halevi and Southern Command head Yaron Finkelman resigned over their roles in the October 7 Hamas attacks. Halevi will step down on March 6, 2025, after concluding investigations and preparing the IDF for future challenges. Finkelman praised IDF soldiers’ bravery but accepted responsibility for failures. Both leaders stressed the importance of transparent investigations and supported external inquiries. Their resignations follow other officials stepping down after the attack that killed 1,200 people, sparking calls for a state inquiry.
Netanyahu Presses Starmer Over Frozen Arms Sales During Ceasefire Talks
Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu urged UK Prime Minister Starmer to resolve 30 frozen arms export permits suspended over human rights concerns. Starmer assured Netanyahu the issue is under review, emphasizing the importance of peace talks and a viable Palestinian state. Both leaders agreed on enhancing Israel’s security, ensuring regional stability, and maintaining humanitarian aid to Gaza. Starmer also praised Israel’s efforts in securing hostages, including British national Emily Damari, highlighting ongoing international cooperation.
Israel’s 2024 Military Spending Increases Debt and Borrowing
Israel spent 100 billion shekels ($28 billion) on military conflicts in 2024, raising its debt-to-GDP ratio to 69% from 61.3% in 2023. Campaigns against Hamas and Hezbollah drove borrowing to 360 billion shekels, supported by Israel’s strong economy and stable financial system. Finance Minister Smotrich highlighted fiscal flexibility enabling support for displaced citizens, businesses, and reservists. The government plans to reduce debt levels promptly, leveraging advanced capital markets and strategic economic policies for long-term recovery.
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★ LEBANON
Lebanon Calls for Israeli Withdrawal During EU Army Support
Lebanon urged Israel to honor the 60-day withdrawal agreement from occupied southern territories, stressing delays jeopardize stability and reconstruction efforts. President Jozef Aoun emphasized Israel’s non-compliance contradicts previous commitments, fostering border tensions. Spain’s Defense Minister Margarita Robles urged adherence to the agreement for regional peace. Meanwhile, the EU announced €60 million in support of the Lebanese army’s critical role in stabilizing borders. The fragile ceasefire, effective since November 27, 2024, demands Israel’s gradual withdrawal and full Lebanese army deployment.
Hezbollah Faces Leadership Loss and Admits Strategic Missteps
The assassination of senior Hezbollah leader Mohammed Hamada in Mashghara, Lebanon, by masked gunmen highlights escalating instability in the Beqaa Valley. This, combined with a Hezbollah officer’s admission of miscalculating Israel’s military strength, underscores the group’s challenges. Recent losses include destroyed infrastructure and disabled assets during its support for Hamas. Despite UN Resolution 1701 mandating disarmament, Hezbollah plans to relocate operations north of the Litani River, refusing to surrender arms and signaling continued resistance against Israel.
Israel Commits 17 New Ceasefire Violations in Lebanon, Total Reaches 618
Israeli forces violated the Lebanon ceasefire agreement 17 times, raising the total to 618 since it began 56 days ago. Violations included drone surveillance, incursions, demolitions, and artillery fire in Beirut, Bint Jbeil, Marjayoun, and Hasbaya. Israeli actions resulted in destroyed homes, equipment, and infrastructure, exacerbating tensions as a week remains for their scheduled withdrawal from southern Lebanon. The ongoing breaches have caused 4,068 deaths, and 16,670 injuries, and displaced 1.4 million, worsening Lebanon’s humanitarian crisis.
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★ ISRAEL-HAMAS WAR
Hamas Names Khalil al-Hayya as Gaza Leader
Hamas announced Khalil al-Hayya as its Gaza leader, succeeding Yahya Sinwar, killed in October 2024 during clashes with Israeli forces. Al-Hayya, Sinwar’s deputy and a key figure in ceasefire talks, emphasized Gaza’s focus on reconstruction and solidarity. Serving as Deputy Head of Hamas’s Political Bureau since August 2024, he strengthened international alliances. Despite prisoner exchanges, Israel has refused to return Sinwar’s body, further straining tensions between the two sides.
Hamas Releases Footage of Rocket Attacks on Jerusalem
Hamas’s Al-Qassam Brigade released footage of their January 6 rocket attack on Jerusalem, targeting Israeli command centers and troop gatherings. Fighters launched M75 rockets from destroyed homes in Beit Hanoun during daylight. Al-Qassam described the operation as part of their “Death Ambushes” and warned of future attacks. Beit Hanoun, a resistance hotspot, has seen intensified operations, causing significant Israeli military losses shortly before the current ceasefire was implemented.
Israel Intensifies Operations Against Terror Threats During Strategic Shifts
Israel launched a military operation in Jenin, killing six Palestinians and injuring 35 while enforcing a full camp siege. Prime Minister Netanyahu declared the “Iron Wall” initiative targets terror threats and systematically counters Iranian influence. Outgoing IDF Chief Herzi Halevi revealed Israel killed 20,000 Hamas fighters during the 15-month Gaza war, weakening their military wing. Halevi, resigning on March 6, 2025, accepted responsibility for October 7 failures. Despite a January 19 ceasefire and reconstruction efforts, uncertainty persists over Rafah Crossing’s status and regional stability.
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★ TURKIYE
Türkiye Mourns Fire Victims, Pledges Support for Syria and Gaza
Türkiye declared mourning for 76 victims of the Kartalkaya ski resort fire, which spread rapidly due to wooden cladding and left 234 guests in danger. Rescue efforts were challenged by icy roads, leading to nine detentions and ongoing investigations. President Erdoğan emphasized regional stability, urging aid for Syria’s reconstruction, lifting sanctions, and supporting Gaza after 50,000 deaths since 2023. He welcomed the Gaza ceasefire as an opportunity for peace, pledging increased humanitarian aid to rebuild and sustain stability.
Turkish Army Seizes PKK Weapons in Northern Iraq
The Turkish army discovered and destroyed PKK weapons, ammunition, and electronic equipment in a cave during Operation Claw-Lock. Launched in April 2022, the operation targets PKK strongholds in Metina, Zap, and Avashin-Basyan regions. The PKK, using the Qandil Mountains as a base, conducts attacks on Turkish territory. Turkey remains committed to eliminating the group, which poses significant security threats across Iraq, Syria, and other regional locations.
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★ IRAN
Trump Fires Brian Hook on First Day of Second Term
U.S. President Donald Trump unexpectedly dismissed Brian Hook, his former special envoy to Iran during his first term, on his first day back in the White House. Trump began his second term by signing numerous controversial executive orders addressing a wide range of issues. The announcement, made via Trump’s “Truth Social” platform, did not immediately clarify Hook’s last-held position before his dismissal, as reported by the Israel Times. Hook had previously led Trump’s transition team to the State Department and currently holds a position at the Wilson Center for Scholars.
Tehran Signals Willingness for Talks on Lifting Sanctions
Iran’s Deputy Foreign Minister for International and Legal Affairs announced Tehran’s readiness to negotiate lifting sanctions if other parties show willingness. Kazem Gharibabadi’s statement followed U.S. President Donald Trump’s Monday speech referencing Iranian oil revenues, hinting at the continuation of maximum pressure policies in his new term. Speaking to reporters the next day, Gharibabadi reaffirmed Tehran’s consistent readiness for dialogue.
Iran Begins Large-Scale Military Drills to Enhance Army Preparedness
Iran’s army launched nine-day military exercises on Tuesday in Qasr-e Shirin, Kermanshah Province, near the western border. Governor Mohammad Najafi stated that the drills aim to strengthen military readiness, showcase defense capabilities, and enhance regional security. He emphasized that the exercises demonstrate the army’s full preparedness, alongside other armed forces, to defend Iranian territory against any threats.
Iranian Official Denies Alleged Drone Deal With PKK as Fabrication
A senior Iranian security official dismissed Turkish media claims about a secret meeting between, Iranian officials and PKK members, labeling the report as entirely fabricated. Speaking to the Tehran Times, the official stated that the allegations are baseless and part of a deliberate effort to incite division and spread false narratives. Turkish outlets, including Yeni Şafak, alleged that Iranian officials met PKK representatives in an Iraqi market, where the group reportedly requested 2,000 suicide drones.
Iranian Exports to EU Increase by 5% Over 11 Months
Iran’s exports to the European Union grew by 5% during the first 11 months of 2024, despite a 3% decline in overall trade volume. According to Eurostat data, trade between Iran and the EU totaled €4.15 billion from January to November 2024, a decrease from the previous year. Of this amount, European exports to Iran reached €3.37 billion, reflecting a 4% decline. Meanwhile, Iranian exports to Europe rose by 5%, amounting to €773 million.
Iran and Russia Revive $5 Billion Credit Line for Joint Projects
Iranian Economy Minister announced the revival of a $5 billion credit line between Iran and Russia during talks with President Putin. The funding will support key projects, including the Rasht-Astara railway, the Sirik power plant, and phases 2 and 3 of the Bushehr nuclear plant. According to Mehr News Agency, Abdolnaser Hemmati emphasized the importance of regional cooperation with friendly neighboring countries as a strategic economic approach.
Iran-Azerbaijan Trade Exchanges Grow by 20% in 2024
Trade volume between Iran and Azerbaijan increased by 20% in 2024, reaching $580 million, up from $480 million in 2023.
Amin Tarfa, Director of International Affairs at Iran’s Ministry of Roads and Transport, highlighted this growth during the 16th Joint Economic Committee meeting in Tehran. He emphasized the strong economic ties between the two nations, particularly in transportation and infrastructure, which have made their cooperation inseparable.
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★ IRAQ
Iraq and Iran Strengthen Ties, Discuss Regional and International Stability
Iraqi President Abdul Latif Rashid and Iranian official Mohammad Javad Zarif met during the World Economic Forum to discuss regional and global political, economic, and security developments. They emphasized enhancing bilateral cooperation in energy, economy, security, and environmental sectors while uniting efforts for regional stability. Rashid highlighted the importance of fostering stability and protecting future generations, while Zarif reaffirmed Iran’s commitment to strengthening ties and advancing shared interests for peace and prosperity.
Iraq Awards $497M Waste-to-Energy Project to Chinese Firm
Iraq awarded Shanghai Electric a $497M contract to build a waste-to-energy facility in Nahrawan, processing 3,000 tons daily and generating 100 megawatts. The two-year project includes a second phase in Abu Ghraib, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Shanghai Electric, with 180 global projects, recycles over 110,000 tons of waste daily. This initiative highlights Iraq’s renewable energy focus during Chinese dominance in its energy sector. including oil field development and major infrastructure projects.
Oil Dispute Between Baghdad and Erbil Intensifies Over Kirkuk
Baghdad and Erbil dispute control of Kirkuk’s oil, with Kurdistan accusing Baghdad of violating Article 140 and signing unilateral contracts. Oil exports from Kurdistan have been halted since 2023, causing $18 billion in losses. Baghdad plans to boost Kirkuk oil production through British Petroleum, while Erbil seeks international support to resume exports. Both sides continue negotiations during mounting economic impacts and global interest. in stabilizing Iraq’s energy sector and resolving the constitutional disagreement.
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★ YEMEN
Hodeidah Port Operations Plunge During Conflict Escalation
Hodeidah Port operations dropped to 25% capacity after Israeli airstrikes damaged critical infrastructure in response to Houthi attacks on international shipping. Four tugboats sank, disrupting port activities vital for aid imports. The Houthis pledged to limit attacks to Israeli-linked ships if the Gaza ceasefire is upheld. The UN urged peaceful resolutions while preparing for humanitarian crises, highlighting Houthi control over significant Yemeni regions during ongoing tensions and reduced port functionality.
20 Ethiopian Migrants Drown Off Yemen’s Coast
The International Organization for Migration reported the drowning of 20 Ethiopian migrants off Yemen’s coast on Saturday. The vessel, carrying 35 Ethiopian migrants along with a Yemeni captain and his assistant, sank near Taiz province after departing from Djibouti. Among the victims were nine women and eleven men, according to AFP. This tragedy highlights the recurring dangers faced by migrants attempting to cross the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, as overcrowded, poorly equipped boats and adverse weather often result in deadly outcomes for those seeking better opportunities in Gulf countries.
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★ GULF NATIONS
Qatar Mediates U.S.-Afghanistan Prisoner Exchange
Qatar successfully mediated a prisoner swap, releasing Americans Ryan Corbett and William McEntee in exchange for Afghan detainee Khan Mohammad. Following months of negotiations, the exchange occurred during Biden’s final days in office. Mohammad, convicted of terrorism and drug charges, returned to Kabul. Qatar praised both nations’ cooperation, expressing hope for fostering peaceful resolutions and strengthening U.S.-Afghanistan ties. The deal underscores Qatar’s pivotal role in international diplomacy and humanitarian efforts during intricate global conflicts.
Saudi FM Expresses Cautious Optimism on Syria, Plans Lebanon Visit
Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan voiced “cautious optimism” about Syria’s future, highlighting opportunities for positive developments. Speaking at the World Economic Forum 2025 in Davos, he noted Syria’s new administration is ready to engage constructively with the international community. Prince Faisal emphasized their openness to cooperation and decisive intent to align with global efforts. Additionally, he announced plans to visit Lebanon in the coming days to address regional concerns and enhance diplomatic relations.
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★ EGYPT & North Africa
Sisi and Putin Discuss Gaza Agreement and Syria’s Unity
Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi held a phone call with Russian President Vladimir Putin to discuss implementing the Gaza ceasefire agreement and preserving Syria’s territorial integrity. Egyptian Presidential Spokesman Mohamed El-Shenawy stated that El-Sisi emphasized the importance of international cooperation to ensure the agreement’s execution and advance a political process based on the two-state solution. He highlighted this as the sole path to achieving lasting security and stability in the region.
Egypt and Israel Agree on Rafah Crossing, Dispute Over Philadelphia Route
In a prolonged meeting that extended into early Tuesday, Israeli officials from Mossad and Shin Bet discussed security arrangements with Egyptian intelligence representatives.
The talks in Cairo, led by Mossad Chief David Barnea, Shin Bet Head Ronen Bar, and Egyptian Intelligence Director Hassan Rashad, focused on managing Rafah Crossing on the Palestinian side and the Philadelphi Route (Salah al-Din axis). These discussions are part of ongoing efforts to monitor and implement the Gaza ceasefire between Israel and Hamas.
Morocco’s Budget Deficit Shrinks to 3.9% in 2024
Morocco’s budget deficit decreased to 3.9% of GDP in 2024, down from 4.4% in 2023, driven by higher tax revenues.
The Ministry of Economy and Finance announced Tuesday that the deficit narrowed to 64.4 billion dirhams ($6.46 billion) in 2024, compared to 75 billion dirhams the previous year. Government revenues grew by 15.2%, contributing to the reduced deficit.
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